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The Common Space Fleet (1968)
As Apollo neared its first moon landing, NASA and its contractors sought to chart the U.S. civilian space program's post-Apollo future. Three underlying cost-cutting approaches guided much of their...
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A Series of Small Specialist Space Stations (1968)
In July 1968, NASA's Apollo Applications Program (AAP) was suffering another of its annual deep budget cuts. Despite this broad hint that ambitious post-Apollo space projects would not receive support,...
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Things To Do During a Piloted Venus/Mars/Venus Flyby Mission (1968)
From 1962 to 1967, NASA studied piloted Mars/Venus flybys as a possible interim step between Apollo lunar missions in the 1960s and piloted Mars landing missions in the 1980s. In February 1967,...
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The Quest to Explore the Moon from Lunar Orbit (1967)
In February 1967, the President’s Science Advisory Committee (PSAC) urged NASA not to neglect lunar exploration during its planned Apollo Applications Program (AAP). In response to the PSAC’s concerns,...
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Mission to a Mare Ridge (1968)
In early 1968, Apollo planning contractor Bellcomm produced a logical plan for the Apollo moon landing program. Had it been followed, the crew of the third Apollo landing would have explored a mare...
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Bridging a Gap: Bellcomm’s 1968 Lunar Exploration Program
Bellcomm, Inc., based near NASA Headquarters in Washington, DC, was carved out of Bell Labs in 1962 to provide technical advice to NASA’s Apollo Program Director. The organization rapidly expanded its...
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